UCP1基因变异与绵羊生长及胴体性状的关联分析

试验旨在探讨解耦联蛋白1（UCP1）基因核苷酸变异对绵羊生长性状的性别差异和胴体性状的影响，以期能够筛选出可以提升绵羊生长及胴体性状的核苷酸变异，为提高绵羊相关重要经济性状的分子遗传标记提供材料。以9个绵羊品种为研究对象，用PCR-SSCP方法检测不同性别绵羊中UCP1基因内含子5区和外显子6区变异。利用Minitab 16.0软件中一般线性模型分析内含子5区等位基因与不同性别绵羊生长性状、公羔胴体性状的关联性。结果显示，绵羊UCP1基因内含子5区和外显子6区共检测到8个核苷酸变异，其中位点c.910 G/A突变导致p.Ala304Thr氨基酸变异。生长性状关联分析结果表明，内含子5区等位基因对绵羊生长性状的影响存在性别特异性，母羔中携带等位基因A₁的群体较缺失群体具有较低的初生重（P<0.05），公羔中携带等位基因C₁的群体较缺失群体具有较高的断尾重（P<0.05），未发现其他等位基因与羔羊的生长性状存在性别特异性。胴体性状关联分析结果表明，携带等位基因A₁的群体具有较低后腿瘦肉量、腰部瘦肉量和较高的肩部瘦肉比例（P<0.05），携带等位基因C₁的群体具有较低的后腿瘦肉比例（P<0.05），其他胴体性状均没有发现与等位基因存在显著相关，基因型分析结果与等位基因分析结果一致。结果提示，UCP1基因对绵羊的生长性状影响具有性别特异性，且携带等位基因A₁的公羔群体具有较低的胴体生产性状，为提高公羔胴体生产性能提供了理论依据。     

红曲合生元、酵母硒锗及其组合对断奶仔猪肠道结构及直肠菌群数量的影响

本试验旨在研究红曲合生元、酵母硒锗及其组合替代抗生素对断奶仔猪肠道结构及直肠菌群数量的影响。试验选用80头平均日龄(28±1) d,平均体重(7.57±0.49) kg的三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4个处理组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮+25 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素和45 mg/kg金霉素,Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮+0.5%红曲合生元,Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+0.5%红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂,Ⅲ组饲喂基础日粮+0.5%酵母硒锗制剂,正式试验42 d,分3个阶段。结果表明:①与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组空肠黏膜超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均极显著或显著升高(P0.01;P0.05);与Ⅲ组相比,Ⅱ组空肠黏膜SOD活性、T-AOC均显著升高(P0.05)。②与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组十二指肠绒毛长度和绒毛长度/隐窝深度极显著或显著提高(P0.01;P0.05),Ⅱ组空肠绒毛长度/隐窝深度显著升高(P0.05)。③试验1～14 d,与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌数量均显著下降(P0.05)、双歧杆菌和乳酸菌数量显著或极显著增加(P0.05;P0.01)。试验15～28 d,与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组乳酸菌数量极显著或显著增加(P0.01;P0.05)。以上结果表明,与抗生素、红曲合生元及酵母硒锗制剂相比,复合制剂可有效改善肠道组织结构和直肠菌群结构,提高肠道健康水平。     

以遗传潜力推算最佳生长及经济效益的生猪饲料配方及自动化饲喂计划

饲养策略是针对整个猪群,这必然会导致自然资源的低效利用,甚至可能会扩大猪在屠宰时的个体差异。通过管理猪群均匀度做到精准饲喂有助于提高动物生产系统的效率。这个解决办法依赖于对营养供给与动物生产性能之间的精准预测、生产性能的持续监测和调节营养供给的饲喂系统。     

母猪营养利用模型研究:优化营养供给的途径(续完)

近年来,母猪的繁殖性能得到了极大的改善。现在,许多养猪场都使用高产母猪,这些母猪的平均窝产仔数超过13头,窝断奶仔猪数超过11.5头。这些变化对母猪在怀孕和哺乳期间的营养需要量产生了重大的影响。同时,过去20年,母猪能量、氨基酸和矿物质利用方面取得的成果使确定母猪的营养需要(析因法)和预测它们对营养物质供给(建模)的反应成为可能。本文旨在介绍如何将现有的母猪营养方面的知识集合于一个综合模型中并转化为软件工具,供给终端用户,主要是给养猪企业的广大营养师和动物营养专业的学生使用。文章列举的各个案例用来说明使用此类模型如何能够优化母猪生产力,同时优先考虑一些新的因素,如通过根据需要更精准地调整营养供给以达到减小养猪生产对环境的影响。     

一例藏猪流行性腹泻的诊断及治疗

猪流行性腹泻是由猪流行性腹泻病毒引起猪的一种肠道传染病,其特征为呕吐、腹泻和脱水。猪流行性腹泻病毒属于冠状病毒科、冠状病毒属。与猪传染性胃肠炎病毒没有共同的抗原性。临床表现与典型的猪传染性胃肠炎十分相似。某专业合作社一起藏猪只大面积剧烈腹泻、呕吐、严重脱水以及体质消瘦的疫病,经确诊为猪流行性腹泻,该病具有较高的发病率和死亡率,会严重危害养猪业的发展,因此日常必须加强对该病的预防控制。现主要对该病的防控措施进行阐述,为广大养猪户提供参考。     

蕈菌的栽培及其对环境的影响(四)

正6经济和社会效益据估计~([67]),超过70%的农业和林业作物被认为是无用的材料或是不可食用的废物/副产品而被丢弃。例如:剑麻中仅有2%的纤维被提取利用,其余98%作为废物丢弃;蔗糖仅占植物生物量的17%,其余83%则以甘蔗渣的形式弃置;在棕榈椰子种植园产生的总生物量中,提取的油只占5%,其余95%是废物;世界各地的树木遭砍伐,而其目的主要是为了获得木材中占比甚微(硬木中纤维素占比为30%,软木为20%)     

Autochthonous halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria promote bacoside A yield of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Nash and phytoextraction of salt-affected soil

Phytoremediation is a promising approach for reclamation of salt-affected soil. Phytoextraction is the most commonly used process, which exploits plants to absorb, immobilize, and accumulate salt in their shoots. In this study, halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were isolated from the rhizosphere of wild grasses growing naturally in salt-affected areas of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (India) and were tested for their efficacies of salt-tolerance and plant growth-promoting (PGP) abilities. Based on 16S rRNA sequences, the most efficient halotolerant isolates possessing PGP traits were identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida (KM233646), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (KM233647), Bacillus flexus (KM233648), and Bacillus safensis (KM233652). Application of these isolates as bio-inoculants significantly (P < 0.05) increased the growth and bacoside A yield of a medicinal plant, Bacopa monnieri (L.) Nash, grown on natural salt-affected soil. The phytoremediation of salt-affected soil was evident by the substantial increase in shoot Na⁺:K⁺ ratio of bio-inoculant-treated plants. When compared to un-inoculated control plants, the soil physico-chemical properties of bio-inoculant-treated plants were improved. The shoot and root biomass (fresh and dry weights), soil enzymes, and soil nutrient parameters showed significant positive correlations with the shoot Na⁺:K⁺ ratio. Consequently, the halotolerant PGPR screened in this study could be useful for the reclamation of saline soils concomitant with improved plant growth and bacoside A yield.     

Bacterial communities associated with natural and commercially grown rooibos (Aspalathus linearis)

Aspalathus linearis is a commercially important plant species endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa and is used to produce a herbal tea known as rooibos tea. Symbiotic interactions between A. linearis and soil bacteria play an important role in the survival of Aspalathus plants in the highly nutrient-poor, acidic fynbos soil. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare rhizosphere and bulk soil bacterial communities associated with natural and commercially grown A. linearis, as well as the effect of seasonal changes on these communities. Bacterial communities were characterized using high throughput amplicon sequencing, and their correlations with soil chemical properties were investigated. The N-fixing bacterial community was characterized using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteria were the most dominant bacterial phyla detected in this study. Highly similar bacterial communities were associated with natural and commercially grown plants. Significant differences in the bacterial community were observed between rhizosphere and bulk soils collected in the dry season, while no significant differences were detected in the wet season. This study provides insights into bacterial community structure and potential factors shaping bacterial community structure with commercially important A. linearis.     

吐鲁番市葡萄绿枝扦插育苗技术探究

文章以吐鲁番市葡萄绿枝扦插育苗技术为研究对象,首先分析探讨了扦插前需要进行的一些准备工作,比如准备还苗床,做好普通插条采集,加强葡萄插条管理,随后对葡萄具体扦插育苗进行了分析,最后立足于普通扦插育苗后续管理,分析了葡萄剪枝、病虫害防治等,以供参考。#$NL关键词：吐鲁番；葡萄育苗；绿枝扦插育苗技术     

中职学校果蔬花卉生产技术专业群发展研究基地建设的构想与策略 --以广西玉林农业学校为例S

由于我们国家农业经济发展十分的迅速,这就为中职学校现代农业实用型人才的就业提供了更多的机会,与此同时,教学的质量和实践水平也面临着更大的挑战,中职学校要提升自身的教学实践水平,为农业发展提供更优质的人才。要想使得中职学校果蔬花卉生产技术专业发展实践行之有效,能够更大程度的培养现代农业技术技能人才,就必须要注重中职院校农类专业群发展研究基地的建设,提升中职院校教学质量。此文,将以广西玉林农业学校为例,通过描述中职学校果蔬花卉生产技术专业群发展研究基地建设的背景,进一步的探索中职学校果蔬花卉生产技术专业群发展研究基地的功能,发现其存在的问题,提出进一步促进其构建发展的策略。